Recent Trends in Multipotent Human Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: Learning from History and Advancing Clinical Applications

Early cell biology reports demonstrated the presence of cells with stem-like properties in bone marrow, both hematopoietic and mesenchymal lineages. Over years, various investigations have purified characterized stromal/stem (MSCs) from different human tissues as multilineage differentiation potential under appropriate conditions. Due to their appealing characteristics versatile potentials, MSCs are leveraged many applications medicine such oncology, bioprinting, recent therapeutics discovery innovation for COVID-19. To date, studies indicate that varied capabilities into types, demonstrate immunomodulating anti-inflammatory properties. Different microenvironments or niche resulting heterogeneity may influence attendant cellular behavior capacity. The clinical exosomes derived these led an avalanche research on hundreds trials being undertaken. There is ample reason think, discussed this expert review future looks bright promising MSC research, way ascertain utility. This provides a synthesis latest advances trends allow broad critically informed use MSCs. observations marrow remarkable immunomodulation also presented.